Mohammad Rohani
Volume 13, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 110-111
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Asghar Amini Harandi; Ali Amini Harandi; Hossein Pakdaman; Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease and also is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders in young and middle-aged adults. The main pathogenesis of MS has long been thought to be an immune mediated disorder of the central nervous system. The function of the immune ...
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease and also is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders in young and middle-aged adults. The main pathogenesis of MS has long been thought to be an immune mediated disorder of the central nervous system. The function of the immune system is under the influence of vitamin D which as a modulator of immune response could play a role in autoimmune diseases including MS. Deficiency of vitamin D or variations in DNA sequence (polymorphism) of vitamin D receptor gene diminishes its optimal function on immune system that consequently could lead to increasing risk of MS. However, its role in development and modulating the course of MS is still under investigation. In this review we aimed to discuss the role of vitamin D in body, immune system and consequently altering the risk of MS.
Aliakbar Taheraghdam; Peyman Pourkhanjar; Mahnaz Talebi; Mohammadreza Bonyadi; Ali Pashapour; Ehsan Sharifipour; Reza Rikhtegar
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 7-12
Abstract
Background: Due to underlying autoimmune background of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the possible role of infectious agents cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and also due to association of anti-ganglioside antibodies with GBS, the present study aimed to investigate the associations ...
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Background: Due to underlying autoimmune background of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the possible role of infectious agents cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and also due to association of anti-ganglioside antibodies with GBS, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between serum anti-ganglioside antibodies (AGA) level, type of infection and electrodiagnostic (ED) findings with the severity and three- month functional outcome of patients with GBS.Methods: In a prospective study, 30 patients with GBS were selected and before starting the treatment, baseline serum samples of patients were obtained for measuring the serum AGA including the antibodies against GQ1b, GT1b, GD1a, GD1b, GM1, GM2, GM3 and strains of CMV and EBV. All the patients were precisely examined for ED findings. Functional status of patients on admission and three months after admission were recorded according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results: The results of patients' serum assessment revealed that CMV IgM was positive in one patient (3.3%), CMV IgG in 29 patients (96.7%) and EBV IgG in 27 patients (90%). Anti-GM1 was found in 3 patients (10%) and anti- GM3 was found only in one patient (3.3%). However, no statistical significant association was found between the AGA and strain of the disease and ED findings.Conclusion: Despite the coexistence of AGA and serum antibodies against CMV and EBV in some GBS patients, there was not clear association in this regard. However, the AGA was positive in patients who suffered from severe phase of the disease.
Mohammad Hossein Harirchian; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Amir Hosseinkhani; Nasibeh Amirzargar
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 13-18
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable neurological disease leading to severe disability in young adults. The majority of MS patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as adjunct to conventional therapies. This study aimed to investigate ...
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable neurological disease leading to severe disability in young adults. The majority of MS patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as adjunct to conventional therapies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CAM utilization among Iranian patients with MS and their attitude toward the CAM usage.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 definite MS patients referred to Tehran’s Imam Khomeini and Sina hospitals. A questionnaire was used to examine the association between participants’ health-related factors and usage of CAMs interventions.P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among the enrolled patients, 60% of the participants agreed with using CAM, 42% experienced the usage of these treatments; out of whom 41% believed its efficiency and 18% reported exacerbation of symptoms. The mean duration of disease diagnosis and mean time from symptom onset were both longer in users of CAM (P = 0.001). Most socio-demographic factors had no significant effect on the type of used CAM. However, Yoga was significantly more applied in those with higher degree of education (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Regarding the widespread use of CAM by Iranian patients with MS, further researches about the safety and efficacy of each treatment on the special outcomes is recommended.
Zahra Alizadeh; Masoud Fereidoni; Morteza Behnam-Rassouli; Shirin Hosseini
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 19-27
Abstract
Background: Usual dosage of morphine (10 mg/kg) induces analgesia and ultra-low dose (ULD) of morphine (1 μg/kg); hyperalgesia, and C-fibers are also bearing μ- opioid receptors; here the importance of C-fibers on pain and morphine induced analgesia/hyperalgesia is questioned ...
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Background: Usual dosage of morphine (10 mg/kg) induces analgesia and ultra-low dose (ULD) of morphine (1 μg/kg); hyperalgesia, and C-fibers are also bearing μ- opioid receptors; here the importance of C-fibers on pain and morphine induced analgesia/hyperalgesia is questioned and investigated using pain evaluation methods and infant capsaicin treating for C-fibers lesioning.Methods: Wistar male rats (200-250 grams) were assigned to three categories i.e. control, sham (receiving neonatal capsaicin vehicle) and c-lesion (receiving neonatal capsaicin), each one with three groups (n = 7). They were injected intraperitoneally with single dosage of saline, 10 mg/kg or 1 μg/kg morphine, respectively. Thermal pain threshold was evaluated using the tail flick test before and 30 minutes after the injections. Chemical pain was assessed using the formalin test (FT) 30 minutes after the administrations. Results:Results: indicated that thermal (P < 0.001) and chemical pains in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of FT (P < 0.05) were reduced in C-lesion animals. In the C-normal and C-lesion animals, 10 mg/kg morphine exerted analgesia both in thermal (P < 0.001) and two phases of FT (P < 0.01), but it was more potent in C-lesion animals (P < 0.05). Although ULD of morphine in C-normal animals produced hyperalgesic effect in thermal and chemical pains (P < 0.001), in C-lesion animals, it produced analgesia (P < 0.05) at the neurogenic phase of FT.Conclusion: Results can raise the C-fibers involvement for a significant portion of nociceptive transmission, because C-lesioning potentiated morphine induced analgesia and eliminated ULD of morphine induced hyperalgesia.Therefore C and Aδ fibers can be involved in morphine analgesia; while, just C-fibers are possibly responsible for only presynaptically hyperalgesic/excitatory action of ULD in morphine.
Sama Bitarafan; Mohammad-Hossein Harirchian; Shahriar Nafissi; Mohammad-Ali Sahraian; Mansoureh Togha; Fereydoun Siassi; Ahmad Saedisomeolia; Elham Alipour; Nakisa Mohammadpour; Maryam Chamary; Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar; Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 28-32
Abstract
Background: The role of nutrition in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related complications such as fatigue has been reported by several studies. The aim of this study is the assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with fatigue in multiple ...
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Background: The role of nutrition in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related complications such as fatigue has been reported by several studies. The aim of this study is the assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which 101 relapsing-remitting MS patients were enrolled.The fatigue status was determined using the validated Persian version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record questionnaire and compared to dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Association between variables was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient.Results: In the preset study, 25 men and 76 women (total = 101) were enrolled. Analysis of dietary intake showed that daily intake of vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium were significantly lower than DRI in all of patients. In men, zinc intake was significantly lower than DRI; while, in women, iron was significantly below the DRI level. After adjusting for energy, MFIS and its physical subscale were highly correlated with intake of folate and magnesium.Conclusion: Our findings support that lower magnesium and folate diets are correlated with higher fatigue scores in MS patients.
Ahmad Daneshi; Hesam Jahandideh; Seyed Behzad Pousti; Shabahang Mohammadi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 33-39
Abstract
Background: Ménière’s disease has been remained as a difficult therapeutic challenge. The present study aimed to determine the effects of one-shot low-dosage intratympanic gentamicin on vertigo control, auditory outcomes and findings of computerized dynamic ...
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Background: Ménière’s disease has been remained as a difficult therapeutic challenge. The present study aimed to determine the effects of one-shot low-dosage intratympanic gentamicin on vertigo control, auditory outcomes and findings of computerized dynamic posturography and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with unilateral Ménière’s disease.Methods: In a prospective clinical study, 30 patients with unilateral Ménière’s disease were treated with one-shot intratympanic injection of 20 milligrams gentamicin. Main outcome measures included clinical, audiometric, postural and vestibular outcomes evaluated 1 and 9 months after the treatment.Results: Mean vertigo attacks frequency, pure tone average threshold and functional level scale significantly decreased after the treatment (P < 0.05). Effective vertigo control (class A and B) obtained in 95.8% of the patients. In total, 75% of patients reported decrease in both aural fullness and tinnitus. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials became absent in all the patients but four of them. Posturographic scores were improved after the treatment.Conclusion: One-shot low-dosage gentamicin was effective in controlling vertigo attacks in Ménière’s disease and has useful effects on aural fullness and tinnitus of patients as well. Postural and vestibular tests only have adjunctive role for monitoring therapeutic responses in intratympanic gentamicin-therapy.
Zeinab Peimani; Mohammad Amin Banihashemi; Niloofar Namazi; Anahid Safari; Ahmad Monabati; Mehra Mojallal; Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 40-44
Abstract
Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to determine if pathological characteristics in non-thymomatous patients of MG would correlate with prognosis in a three year ...
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Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to determine if pathological characteristics in non-thymomatous patients of MG would correlate with prognosis in a three year follow up.Methods: Patients who had had their thymectomy at least three years prior to the study were selected from three hospitals and were followed for 3 years. Prognosis was assessed via a devised prognostic scoring system. A pathological exam of the specimen from the thymus was done using the following immunohistochemical markers: Bcl2, CD 3, CD 4, CD 5, CD 7, CD 10, CD 20cy, CD 23, CD 43, and Ki67.Results: Fifteen patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and had a complete follow-up. This included 3 males and 12 females with a mean age of 36.6 years at the start of the study. The dominant cell population was T lymphocytes. All T cells expressed CD 3, CD 43, CD 5, and Bcl-2. In 2 patient , CD 10 marker was positive in T cells. B cells were negative for activation marker CD 23, except for germinal center dendritic cells. Due to the limited number of patients in the study, the power of the study would not allow for an analysis to assess correlation between histopathological data and prognosis.Conclusion: This pilot study was an attempt to discover any prognostic indices from the histopathological examination of the resected thymic tissue in the patients with myasthenia gravis.
Masoud Mehrpour; Saeed Rezaali; Narges Sadat Shams-Hosseini
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 45-47
Abstract
Background: Scuba divers work in high pressure conditions which may cause some changes in physiological status to adapt to this situation. In this study, the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was assessed in divers as a risk factor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders.Methods: This historical ...
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Background: Scuba divers work in high pressure conditions which may cause some changes in physiological status to adapt to this situation. In this study, the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was assessed in divers as a risk factor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders.Methods: This historical cohort study was performed on 16 male professional scuba divers as case group and 30 healthy people as controls with age range of 26-66 years. CIMT of both carotids of supine participants was measured by a 10 MHz linear ultrasonic probe quantitatively. Relationship between experience of diving and carotid IMT was evaluated.Results: All the participants were males (mean age 42.9 ± 10.58. and for the control group was (47.05 ± 12.31 years). The mean right CIMT in divers and control group was 524.31 ± 149.40 and 443.66 ± 59.62 micrometer, respectively. Furthermore, the mean left CIMT in divers and control group was 624.57 ± 116.15 and 458.44 ± 49.56 micrometer, respectively. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that long-term occupational diving leads to increased intima-media thickness in scuba divers.
Morteza Mahmoudi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 48-49
Abstract
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Masoud Etemadifar; Noushin Mehrbod; Leila Dehghani; Aryan Golabbakhsh; Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani; Mojtaba Akbari; Zahra Nasr
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 50-51
Alireza Sayadmansour
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 52-55
Abstract
"Neurotheology" refers to the multidisciplinary field of scholarship that seeks to understand the relationship between the human brain and religion. In its initial development, neurotheology has been conceived in very broad terms relating to the intersection between religion and brain sciences in general. ...
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"Neurotheology" refers to the multidisciplinary field of scholarship that seeks to understand the relationship between the human brain and religion. In its initial development, neurotheology has been conceived in very broad terms relating to the intersection between religion and brain sciences in general. The author's main objective is to introduce neurotheology in general and provides a basis for more detailed scholarship from experts in theology, as well as in neuroscience and medicine.
Behnaz Sedighi; Hossein Ali Ebrahimi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Marzie Abotorabi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 125-128
Abstract
Background: There have been several studies done on the role of metals in the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, but their roles have not been confirmed yet. Because of the lack of information on this issue, this study compared the serum level of copper and zinc in MS ...
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Background: There have been several studies done on the role of metals in the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, but their roles have not been confirmed yet. Because of the lack of information on this issue, this study compared the serum level of copper and zinc in MS patients with their levels in a control group.Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study conducted in Kerman (a medium size city), Iran. We assessed the serum level of copper and zinc in 58 MS patients and 39 healthy individuals, who were selected from the relatives of cases and matched for age and sex.Results: The average serum level of Copper in cases and controls were 93.7 and 88.9 ml/dl, respectively. The corresponding numbers for Zinc were 36.7 and 40.9 ml/dl, respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups (copper: P = 0.459; zinc: P = 0.249).Conclusion: The groups were matched for age, sex, and family. However, we did not find a considerable difference between the level of these metals in MS patients and controls.
Masoud Fereidoni; Farzaneh Sabouni; Ali Moghimi; Shirin Hosseini
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 129-135
Abstract
Background: Astrocytes are cells within the central nervous system which are activated in a wide spectrum of infections, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.In pathologic states, they produce inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide (NO), and sometimes they induce ...
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Background: Astrocytes are cells within the central nervous system which are activated in a wide spectrum of infections, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.In pathologic states, they produce inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide (NO), and sometimes they induce apoptosis.Their protease-activated receptors (PARs) can be activated by proteases, e.g.thrombin and trypsin,which are important in brain inflammation.The current study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of trypsin (1 to 100U/ml) on cultured astrocytes.Methods: In the present study, two-day rat infants’ brains were isolated and homogenized after meninges removal, then cultivated in DMEM+10% FBS medium. 10 days later, astrocytes were harvested and recultivated for more purification (up to 95%), using Immunocytochemistry method, in order to be employed for tests. They were affected by different concentrations of trypsin (1, 5, 10, 15, 0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 U/ml). To reveal the inflammation progress, NO concentrations (the Griess test) were assessed after 24 and 48 hours.Results:The results showed that trypsin concentration up to 20 U/ml caused a significant increase in NO, in a dose- dependent manner, on cultured astrocytes (P < 0.001). Trypsin 20 U/ml increased NO production fivefold the control group (P < 0.001). At higher concentrations than 20 U/ml, NO production diminished (P < 0.001). At 100 U/ml, NO production was less than the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Inflammatory effects of trypsin 5-20 U/ml are probably due to the stimulation of astrocytes’ PAR-2 receptors and the increasing of the activation of NF-κB, PKC, MAPKs. Stimulation of astrocytes’ PAR-2 receptors causes an increase in iNOS activation which in turn leads to NO production. However, higher trypsin concentration possibly made astrocyte apoptosis; therefore, NO production diminished. These assumptions need t be further investigated.
Saeed Rezaali; Ahad Khalilnezhad; Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi; Samira Chaibakhsh; Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 136-143
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated controversial results and somewhat increased frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS). We reevaluated the files of MS patients from Qom Province of Iran in order to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.Methods: Demographic and clinical ...
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Background: Recent studies have demonstrated controversial results and somewhat increased frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS). We reevaluated the files of MS patients from Qom Province of Iran in order to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.Methods: Demographic and clinical records of 592 MS patients were reviewed, which included; age, sex, date of birth, marital and occupation status, presenting symptoms, time of onset, type and family history of MS, and history of autoimmune or other diseases.Results: At the time of our study, 11 patients had died, and 581 were alive with a total female-to-male ratio of 3.4. The mean age of onset of the disease was 34.25 ± 9.01 for all the patients. 11.2% of patients had positive family history of MS. The majority of patients (80.1%) showed relapsing-remitting (RR) pattern. The prevalence of MS was calculated as 50.4/100000 for Qom. Conclusion: Qom is located within a high risk zone of MS. Although we found evidences about the role of environmental factors, geographical distribution, and etcetera, many more studies need to be performed in this respect.
Navid Mohammadi; Shiva Kian; Farnoush Davoudi; Seyed Mohammad Ali Akbarian Nia; Marzieh Nojomi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 144-148
Abstract
Background: Health assessment in patients with epilepsy (PWE) should include both clinical outcomes and health related quality of life (HRQOL) measures. The quality of life (QoL) in epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) is widely used for QOL studies in epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate ...
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Background: Health assessment in patients with epilepsy (PWE) should include both clinical outcomes and health related quality of life (HRQOL) measures. The quality of life (QoL) in epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) is widely used for QOL studies in epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate psychometrics of the Persian version of the inventory (QOLIE-31-P).Methods: Following a standard forward-backward translation and cultural adaptation, the construct validity of the QOLIE-31-P was assessed by explanatory factor analysis, multi-trait scaling analysis, and known group comparison. The criterion validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation to SF-36 (36-item short-form health survey). The reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest study.Results: The factor analysis extracted from 8 factors explaining 70.35% of the variations. Item-scale correlations revealed that individual items significantly had the strongest association with the domain they were loaded on. The Pearson coefficient of correlation between QOLIE-31-P and the overall scores of SF-36 was 0.876 (P < 0.0001). Patient with medically controlled seizures scored higher than those who experienced seizures during the previous year to study date (P < 0.0001). The Cronbach’s α of overall QOLIE-31-P inventory was 0.9. The overall test-retest coefficient of correlation was 0.68 (P = 0.003).Conclusion: QOLIE-31-P is a valid and reliable tool to be applied in health assessment of patients with epilepsy.
Maryam Kay; Zohreh Hojati; Fariba Dehghanian
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 149-156
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important autoimmune diseases recognized by demyelination and axonal lesion. It is the most common cause of disability in the young population. Various immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies, including different formulations of interferon beta (IFNβ), ...
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important autoimmune diseases recognized by demyelination and axonal lesion. It is the most common cause of disability in the young population. Various immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies, including different formulations of interferon beta (IFNβ), glatiramer acetate (GA), mitoxantrone, and natalizumab are available for this disease. However, interferon has been the best prescribed. Although the precise mechanism of IFNβ is unclear, many studies indicate some potential mechanism including blocking T cells activation, controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, preventing activated immune cell migration through BBB, and inducing repair activity of damaged nerve cells by differentiating neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes. These molecular mechanisms have significant roles in IFNβ therapy. More researches are required in order for us to comprehend the mechanism of action of IFNβ, and improve and develop drugs for more efficient MS treatment.
Majid Ghaffarpour; Hossein Pakdaman; Mohammad Hossein Harirchian; Hossein-Ali Ghelichnia Omrani; Mojdeh Ghabaee; Babak Zamani; Parviz Bahrami; Bahaadin Siroos
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 157-165
Abstract
The new-AEDs, whose developments were motivated following the discovery of the valproate and its marketing in the U.S in 1978, have presented more therapeutic options. There are approximately twenty four FDA-approved antiepileptic drugs for use in patients with epilepsy, five of which were identified ...
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The new-AEDs, whose developments were motivated following the discovery of the valproate and its marketing in the U.S in 1978, have presented more therapeutic options. There are approximately twenty four FDA-approved antiepileptic drugs for use in patients with epilepsy, five of which were identified and have come on to the market between 2009 and 2012. The new-AEDs are of interest, not due to their efficacy, but rather owing to better tolerance, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, fewer interactions, and in some instances, lesser protein binding. No standard AED or those in developing have all properties of an ideal antiepileptic drug, thus to achieve desirable outcome, physicians should be aware of pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of drugs. This review describes briefly the major features of the new AEDs.
Leila Aghaghazvini; Anahita Sadeghi; Bahman Rasuli; Shirin Aghaghazvini
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 166-168
Abstract
Balo's concentric multiple scleroses (MS) is a rare demyelinating disease and a variant of multiple sclerosis. We report a case with interesting misleading clinical history and typical RI findings of Balo disease. A 19-year-old girl presented with fever and left hemiparesis following dental procedure ...
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Balo's concentric multiple scleroses (MS) is a rare demyelinating disease and a variant of multiple sclerosis. We report a case with interesting misleading clinical history and typical RI findings of Balo disease. A 19-year-old girl presented with fever and left hemiparesis following dental procedure 15 days ago. On physical examination fever and left limbs forces loss were noted. On CT scan a hypodense mass like area, and in MRI a low T1 and high T2, and flair concentric onion-like partial enhancement of mass in parieto-frontal periventricular white matter was detected. Regarding the findings tumefactive MS, Low grade glioma, lymphoma, and abscess and regarding the history of abscess formation were in differential diagnosis. After therapy and no improvement in clinical condition and MRI findings during 2 months, the patient underwent stereotactic biopsy and tumefactive balo MS was revealed. After 4 months of intensive therapy, the patient was discharged with normal condition.
Shruti Thakur; Ram Gopal Sood; Anupam Jhobta; Sushma Makhaik; Charusmita Thakur
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 169-171
Abstract
Intracranial lipomas are congenital malformations. These uncommon lesions have an incidence of 0.1 to 1.7% of all intracranial tumors. Most cases are located at midline and 5% are along the sylvian fissures. If symptomatic, seizures are the most common symptom. These tumors are slow growing and have ...
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Intracranial lipomas are congenital malformations. These uncommon lesions have an incidence of 0.1 to 1.7% of all intracranial tumors. Most cases are located at midline and 5% are along the sylvian fissures. If symptomatic, seizures are the most common symptom. These tumors are slow growing and have favorable outcome. We report a case of a 25-year-old man whose CT and MRI revealed a lesion in right sylvian fissure suggesting a lipoma with abnormal vasculature and overlying cortical dysplasia.
Masoud Etemadifar; Leila Dehghani; Soheil Tahani; Nafiseh Toghianifar; Marzieh Rahaimi; Nahid Eskandari
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 172-175
Abstract
Background: Anti-phospholipids syndrome (APS) is considered a non inflammatory auto-immune disease with a significant thrombophilic risk with varied clinical manifestations. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the frequency of thrombotic and non-thrombotic events in patients with APS.Methods: ...
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Background: Anti-phospholipids syndrome (APS) is considered a non inflammatory auto-immune disease with a significant thrombophilic risk with varied clinical manifestations. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the frequency of thrombotic and non-thrombotic events in patients with APS.Methods: In this retrospective study, 102 definite APS subjects were recruited (2007-2011) at Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The patients were referred to Multiple Sclerosis Clinic with the diagnosis of definite APS according to 2006 Sydney's criteria. Disorders associated with APS such as pregnancy complication, vascular thrombosis and livedo reticularis (LR) were assessed. Neurological signs and symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction were recorded. Data analyses were performed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results: Our findings showed that majority of female gender, higher rate of ischemic thrombotic stroke and high miscarriage lied in a large number of APS patients.Conclusion:Overall recurrent miscarriage is a common complication among (antiphospholidpid antibody) aPL patients. Furthermore, ischemic stroke is the second common neurological manifestations of APS patients.
Shirin Jamal Omidi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 176-179
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Siamak Abdi; Askar Ghorbani
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 180-181
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Mahnaz Talebi; Masoud Nikanfar; Rana Sorkhabi; Ehsan Sharifipour; Mansour Bahrebar; Ali Kiavar; Sasan Andalib; Hadi Mohammad Khanli
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 81-86
Abstract
Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a simple, high-resolution technique to quantify the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula volume, which provide an indirect measurement of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate OCT finding in relapsing-remitting ...
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Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a simple, high-resolution technique to quantify the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula volume, which provide an indirect measurement of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate OCT finding in relapsing-remitting MS patients of the northwest of Iran and compare them with a normal control group.Methods:In a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytic study, 60 patients with MS as case group and 60 patients as controls were studied. Total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in perioptic disk area (3.4 millimeter around the disk) and macula was measured using Stratus 3000 in circular form. These findings were compared between the two groups and their relationship with the duration and severity of MS [based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)] and history of optic neuritis were evaluated.Results:In total, 35 men and 85 women with a mean age of 34.8 years were evaluated.The mean RNFL in MS patients were 231.9 and 233.1 micrometers in right and left eyes; while they were 246.7 and 250.4 micrometers in right and left eyes of healthy subjects, respectively. This difference in thickness of RNFL in total measure and all quadrants around the optic disk and TMV between case and control groups was analytically meaningful (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001 for right and left eyes, respectively). The mean thickness of RNFL in patients with optic neuritis was significantly lower than other patients in right and left eyes (P = 0.042 and P = 0.005). There was a significant correlation between most of OCT findings and the MS disease duration and EDSS.Conclusion:Findings of the present study in the northwest of Iran buttress the idea that RNFL thickness can be greatly affected by MS. Our results also indicate that this effect is associated with ON and MS duration and severity.
Kavian Ghandehari; Hamid Reza Riasi; Ali Noureddine; Shahram Masoudinezhad; Siamak Yazdani; Mohammad Mousavi Mirzae; Atena Sharifi Razavi; Kosar Ghandehari
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 87-91
Abstract
Background: Anticoagulation therapy is a routine treatment in patients with hemorrhagic cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, fear of hemorrhagic complications and deterioration course following anticoagulation often disturbs the responsible physician.Methods:This was a Prospective observational ...
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Background: Anticoagulation therapy is a routine treatment in patients with hemorrhagic cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, fear of hemorrhagic complications and deterioration course following anticoagulation often disturbs the responsible physician.Methods:This was a Prospective observational study on consecutive CVT patients with hemorrhagic venous infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) admitted in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2006-2012. The diagnosis of CVT in suspected cases was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography (MRI/MRV), and computerized tomography (CT) angiography following established diagnostic criteria. Demographic data, clinical manifestations from onset to end of the observation period, location of thrombus, location and size of infarction and hemorrhage, and clinical course during treatment were recorded. Choice of the treatment was left to the opinion of the treating physician. Clinical course during 1 week of treatment was assessed based on the baseline modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Three or more points decrease or increase of modified NIHSS after 1 week of treatment was considered as improvement or deterioration courses, respectively. Other clinical courses were categorized as stabilization course.Results:102 hemorrhagic CVT patients (80 females, 22 males) with mean age of 38.6 ± 8 years were prospectively investigated. Of the 102 hemorrhagic CVT patients in the acute phase, 52 patients (50.9%) were anticoagulated with adjusted dose intravenous heparin infusion and 50 cases (49.1%) received subcutaneous enoxaparin 1mg/Kg twice daily. Decreased consciousness had a significant effect on the clinical course of the patients (X(2) = 9.493, df = 2, P = 0.009). Presence of SAH had no significant effect on the clinical course of our anticoagulated hemorrhagic CVT cases (X(2) = 0.304, df = 2, P = 0.914). Extension of Infarction in more than two thirds of a hemisphere had a significant influence on the distribution of clinical courses (X(2) = 5.867, df = 2, P = 0.044). Difference in distribution of clinical course among the two groups of our hemorrhagic CVT patients was not significant (X(2) = 8.14, df = 1, P = 0.87).Conclusion:Patients with hemorrhagic CVT without other contraindication for anticoagulation should be treated either with dose-adjusted intravenous heparin or body-weight-adjusted subcutaneous low molecular-weight heparin.
