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The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the participation measure-3 domains, 4 dimensions in Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Madadkaran St., Shahnazari St., Madar squ., Mirdamad Ave, Tehran, Iran

2 Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Regenerative medicine department, Neurology and MS group,

3 Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) profoundly influences individuals' participation across various life domains. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Participation Measure-3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D) in people with MS (PwMS).
Methods: In a cross-sectional design with a nested test-retest sub-study, 230 PwMS were assessed. Construct validity was examined through intercorrelations among PM-3D4D dimensions and associations with the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care (PM-PAC), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Purpose in Life Test-Short Form (PIL-SF). The instrument's discriminative capacity across subgroups with different levels of disability and fatigue was also analyzed.
Results: The PM-3D4D demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)(2,1) = 0.81-0.90] and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79-0.89). Strong correlations emerged between the diversity and frequency dimensions (rs = 0.70-0.88), alongside moderate to strong correlations with the difficulty dimension (rs = 0.37-0.82). As hypothesized, PM-3D4D scores correlated strongly with CIQ (rs = 0.71-0.83), and the difficulty dimension was negatively correlated with PM-PAC subscales
(rs = -0.75 to -0.85). Desire for change showed weak negative correlations with SWLS (rs = -0.16 to -0.29) and moderate negative correlations with PIL-SF (rs = -0.33 to -0.51). The instrument significantly differentiated participants based on disability and fatigue levels (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the PM-3D4D is a valid and reliable measure for evaluating participation among PwMS in both clinical and research settings.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
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Current Journal of Neurology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 May 2026
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